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RtxA
(Repeat in toxin) |
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A member of a protein family that is produced by a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae, V. vulnificus, V. anguillarum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,etc. The rtx operon consists of six genes (rtxACHBDE) in which rtxA encodes an exotoxin, rtxC codes for an RtxA activator, rtxH encodes a conserved hypothetical protein and rtxBDE genes code for an ABC transporter. Important characteristics of this toxin include:. I) it requires post-translational modification, i.e., acylation to become biologically active. II) has a COOH-terminal calcium-binding domain with tandem glycine/aspartic acid-rich repeats. III) it has a high molecular mass of usually 100 to >400 kDa. IV) it is delivered to the extracellular milieu through the T1SS. ... |
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| Cereulide |
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Synthetized by a non-ribosomal peptide-synthetase (NRPS) called CesNRPS. The genes involved in the cereulide synthesis are located on a mega plasmid (270kb) known as pCER270, which is closely related to the plasmid pXO1 from B. anthracis that encodes the anthrax toxin. A small, highly heat- and acid-resistant depsipeptide toxin. ... |
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| Cytolysin |
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Production and activation of cytolysin involves the products of a complex operon of eight genes and that this operon can be located on either pheromone-responsive plasmids or on the chromosome within a pathogenicity island. Most of this gene locus is absent in E. faecalis V583 due to a 17-kbp deletion. Cytolysin expression is regulated by one of the subunits (CylLS'') through a quorum-sensing autoinduction mechanism. ... |
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| α-Hemolysin |
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Best-characterized RTX protein secreted by a type I secretion system: the structural gene encoding the hemolysin (hlyA) is part of an operon that also encodes a dedicated export system (HlyB and HlyD comprising a type I secretion system) and a toxin modifying enzyme (HlyC). The HlyC protein is responsible for acylation of HlyA, resulting in toxin activation. The hly operon is found on a plasmid of EHEC O157:H7, while the hly operon is often located adjacent to the P fimbrial genes on the same pathogenicity island on the chromosome of UPEC strains. ... |
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| Colibactin |
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Colibactins are hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptides produced by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Citrobacter koseri harboring the pks genomic island. ... |
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LLS
(Listeriolysin S) |
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Haemolysin LLS is post-translationally modified and belongs to a family of modified virulence peptides, including streptolysin S and several as-yet uncharacterized members of the same family in other pathogens. ... |
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SSLs
(Staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins) |
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A family of 14 proteins located on two genomic clusters. Share structural similarities with superantigens, but unlike superantigens, the SSL proteins do not bind MHC receptor or T cell receptors to elicit a toxic cytokine response. ... |
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| β-haemolysin/cytolysin |
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Lyses not only red blood cells but a broad range of eukaryotic cell types. Surface associated protein that can be extracted from the cells by non-ionic detergent, starch or albumin. ... |
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| Phospholipase C |
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Contribute to the pathogenesis by aiding in the lysis of host cells, via cleavage of phospholipids present in the host cell membrane, and by degrading phospholipids present at mucosal barriers to facilitate bacterial invasion. ... |
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| Phospholipase D |
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Contribute to the pathogenesis by aiding in the lysis of host cells, via cleavage of phospholipids present in the host cell membrane, and by degrading phospholipids present at mucosal barriers to facilitate bacterial invasion. ... |
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