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About Shigella |
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Shigella
is a group of Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens.
Recognised as the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis
in the 1890s, Shigella was adopted as a genus in the 1950s
and subgrouped into four species: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri,
S. boydii and S. sonnei (also designated as serogroups A to D). |
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Shigella grows only in the intestinal tract
of humans. It's transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Fliers, fingers,
and food are the usual vehicles. But because Shigella cells
survive for a long time in contaminated water or on fomites, they
transmit it too. People who live in crowded conditions where cleanliness
is difficult are particularly likely to contract shigellosis.
Children are far more likely than adults to get shigellosis. Those
under 5 year old account for about half the reported cases, because
they are too young to follow good hygiene habits and they are more
susceptible to Shigella infection.
Many fecal-oral infections, including cholera and typhiod fever,
have been nearly eradicated from industrialized countries, but not
shigellosis. Shigellosis is difficult to eradicate partly because
it is so infectious. A person must ingest thousands to millions
of bacterial cells to contract typhoid fever or cholera, but only
200 cells are sufficient to cause shigellosis.
It is well-established that the virulence plasmid (VP) carries the
primary virulence genes that enable the invasiveness of the bacteria
in the colon and the rectum and the induction of apoptosis to resident
macrophages and dentritic cells, leading to inflammatory infection.
For more detailed information about the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical aspects of Shigella, please refer the recent comprehensive reviews:
 Jennison AV, Verma NK, 2004. Shigella flexneri infection: pathogenesis and vaccine development. FEMS Microbiol Rev.28(1):43-58.
Phalipon A, Sansonetti PJ, 2003. Shigellosis: innate mechanisms of inflammatory destruction of the intestinal epithelium, adaptive immune response, and vaccine development. Crit Rev Immunol. 23(5-6):371-401.
Fernandez MI, Sansonetti PJ, 2003. Shigella interaction with intestinal epithelial cells determines the innate immune response in shigellosis. Int J Med Microbiol. 293(1):55-67.
Sansonetti P, 2002. Host-pathogen interactions: the seduction of molecular cross talk. Gut. Suppl 3:III2-8.
Nhieu GT, Enninga J, Sansonetti P, Grompone G, 2005. Tyrosine kinase signaling and type III effectors orchestrating Shigella invasion. Curr Opin Microbiol. 8(1):16-20.
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About ShiBASE |
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As
shigellosis remains to be the top one diarrhoeal disease in China,
the Chinese government has given strong support to the genome sequence
project of Shigella. During the past five years, we determined
the genomes of representative strains of all four Shigella
species, and then completed the comparative genomic hybridization
(CGH) of 43 different serotypes of Shigella strains by microarray.
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So in order to better organize and present the large amount of
data, we built the integrated database for comparative genomics
of Shigella, named ShiBASE. It focuses on the comparative
genomics of Shigella and provides a way to summarize large
volumes of genomic and comparison data in a visually intuitive format.
ShiBASE devotes to provide the scientific community a workbench
for the comparative genomics studies of Shigella, which is
one of the most efficient ways to reveal the extremely diversity
and dynamics features of Shigella genomes. The intra-species
comparison of Shigella genomes are presented at several different
levels in the database, including not only basic genome features,
structure of genomes and orthologs ordering, but also metabolic
pathways and virulence factors. Moreover, the CGH results on 43
different serotypes of Shigella strains were also integrated
into ShiBASE. The newly developed online sequence comparison
visualization service, Shi-align, offers an easy way for
biologists to perform comparative analysis on their own data.
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Related publications |
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Yang J., Chen L.H., Yu J., Sun L.L., Jin Q., 2006. ShiBASE: an integrated database for comparative genomics of Shigella. Nucleic Acids Res. 34, D398-D401.
Yang F., Yang J., Zhang
X.B., Chen L.H., Jiang Y., Yan Y.L., Tang X.D., Wang J.,
Xiong Z.H., Dong J., Xue Y., Zhu Y.F., Xu X.Y., Sun L.L., Chen S.X.,
Nie H., Peng J.P., Xu J.G., Wang Y., Yuan Z.H., Wen Y.M., Yao Z.J., Shen Y.,
Qiang B.Q., Hou Y.D., Yu J., Jin Q., 2005. Genome dynamics and diversity
of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery.
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 6445-6458.
Jin Q., Yuan Z.H., Xu J.G., Wang Y., Shen Y., Lu W.C., Wang J.H., Liu H., Yang J., Yang F., Zhang X.B., Zhang J.Y., Yang G.W., Wu H.T., Qu D., Dong J., Sun L.L., Xue Y., Zhao A.L., Gao Y., Zhu J.P., Kan B., Ding K.Y., Chen S.X., Cheng H., Yao Z.J., He B., Chen R.S., Ma D.L., Qiang B.Q., Wen Y.M., Hou Y.D., Yu J., 2002. Genome sequence of Shigella
flexneri 2a: insights into pathogenicity through comparison with
genomes of Escherichia coli K12 and O157. Nucleic
Acids Res. 30, 4432-4441.
Peng J.P., Zhang X.B., Yang J., Wang J., Yang E., Bin W., Wei C.D., Sun M.S., Jin Q., 2006. The use of comparative genomic hybridization to characterize genome dynamics and diversity among the serotypes of Shigella. BMC Genomics 7, 218.
Nie H., Yang F., Zhang X.B., Yang J., Chen L.H., Wang J., Xiong Z.H., Peng J.P., Sun L.L., Dong J., Xue Y., Xu X.Y., Chen S.X., Yao Z.J., Shen Y., Jin Q., 2006. Complete genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with Shigella flexneri 2a. BMC Genomics 7, 173.
Jiang Y., Yang F., Zhang X.B., Yang J., Chen L.H., Yan Y.L., Nie H., Xiong Z.H., Wang J., Dong J., Xue Y., Xu X.Y., Zhu Y.F., Chen S.X., Jin Q., 2005. The complete sequence and analysis of the large virulence plasmid pSS of Shigella sonnei. Plasmid 54, 149-159.
Zhang J.Y., Liu H., Zhang X.B., Yang J., Yang F., Yang G.W., Shen Y., Hou Y.D., Jin Q., 2003. Complete DNA sequence and gene analysis of the virulence plasmid pCP301 of Shigella flexneri 2a. Sci. China C Life Sci. 46, 513-522.
Gao X., Zou T., Mu Z., Qin B., Yang J., Waltersperger S., Wang M., Cui S., Jin Q., 2013. Structural insights into VirB-DNA complexes reveal mechanism of transcriptional activation of virulence genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, 10529-10541.
Chang Z., Lu S., Chen L., Jin Q., Yang J., 2012. Causative species and serotypes of shigellosis in mainland China: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 7, e52515.
Fu H., Liu L.G., Zhang X.B., Zhu Y.F., Zhao L.N., Peng J.P., He H., Jin Q., 2012. Common changes in global gene expression induced by RNA polymerase inhibitors in Shigella flexneri. PLoS One 7, e33240.
Zhao L.N., Liu L.G., Leng W.C., Wei C.D., Jin Q., 2011. A proteogenomic analysis of Shigella flexneri using 2D LC-MALDI TOF/TOF. BMC Genomics 12, 528.
Peng J.P., Yang J., Jin Q., 2011. An integrated approach for finding overlooked genes in Shigella. PLoS One 6, e18509.
Peng J.P., Yang J., Jin Q., 2010. Research progress in Shigella in the postgenomic era. Sci. China Life Sci. 53, 1284-1290.
Fu H., Liu L.G., Peng J.P., Leng W.C., Yang J., Jin Q., 2010. Transcriptional profile of the Shigella flexneri response to an alkaloid: berberine. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 303, 169-175.
Peng J.P., Yang J., Jin Q., 2009. The molecular evolutionary history of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Infect. Genet. Evol. 9, 147-152.
Wei C.D., Peng J.P., Xiong Z.H., Yang J., Wang J., Jin Q., 2008. Subproteomic tools to increase genome annotation complexity. Proteomics 8, 4209-4213.
Fu H., Leng W.C., Wang J., Zhang W.L., Peng J.P., Wang L.L., Jin Q., 2007. Transcriptional profile induced by furazolidone treatment of Shigella flexneri. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 77, 657-667.
Cheng F., Wang J., Peng J.P., Yang J., Fu H., Zhang X.B., Xue Y., Li W.J., Chu Y.L., Jin Q., 2007. Gene expression profiling of the pH response in Shigella flexneri 2a. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 270, 12-20.
Yang J., Nie H., Chen L.H., Zhang X.B., Yang F., Xu X.Y., Zhu Y.F., Yu J., Jin Q., 2007. Revisiting the Molecular Evolutionary History of Shigella spp. J. Mol. Evol. 64, 71-79.
Wei C.D., Yang J., Zhu J.P., Zhang X.B., Leng W.C., Wang J., Xue Y., Sun L.L., Li W.J., Wang J., Jin Q., 2006. Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Shigella flexneri 2a Membrane Proteins. J. Proteome. Res. 5, 1860-1865.
Bin W., Liu M.Q., Peng J.P., Sun L.L., Xu X.Y., Zhang J.H., Jin Q., 2006. Construction, detection and microarray analysis on Shigella dysenteriae A1 IroN, ShuA single, double mutants. Sci.China C Life Sci. 49, 251-258.
Xiong Z.H., Tang X.D., Yang F., Zhang X.B., Yang J., Chen L.H., Nie H., Yan Y.L., Jiang Y., Wang J., Xue Y., Xu X.Y., Zhu Y.F., Dong J., An L.Z., Wang X.L., Jin Q., 2006. Comparison of the virulence plasmid genomes of two strains of Shigella which lost the ability to bind Congo red. Sci.China C Life Sci. 49, 141-148.
Wang J., Zhang X.B., Peng J.P., Yang E., Bin W., Yang J., Dong J., Sun L.L., Xu X.Y., Jin Q., 2006. Genomic compositions and phylogenetic analysis of Shigella boydii subgroup. Sci.China C Life Sci. 49, 46-52.
Yang E., Bin W., Peng J.P., Zhang X.B., Wang J., Yang J., Dong J., Chu Y.L., Zhang J.H., Jin Q., 2005. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of S. dysenteriae subgroup. Sci.China C Life Sci. 48, 406-413.
Liu M.Q., Liu H., Sun L.L., Dong J., Xue Y., Chen S.X., Jin Q., 2005. Construction, detection and microarray analysis on the Shigella flexneri 2a sitC mutant. Sci.China C Life Sci. 48, 228-240.
Liu H., Peng J.P., Yang J., Sun L.L., Chen S.X., Jin Q., 2004. Analysis
of components of conserved "backbone sequences" among genomes
of Shigella spp. strains. Chinese Sci. Bull. 49, 152-160.
Yang J., Wang J.H., Chen L.H.,Yu J., Dong J., Yao Z.J., Shen Y., Jin
Q., Chen R.S., 2003. Identification and Characterization of Simple
Sequence Repeats in the Genomes of Shigella Species. Gene 322, 85-92.
Yang J., Wang J.H., Yao Z.J., Jin Q., Shen Y., Chen R.S., 2003. GenomeComp: a visualization tool for microbial genome comparison. J. Microbiol. Meth.54, 423-426.
Zhang X.B., Liu H., Yang F., Yang J., Xue Y., Dong J., Sun L.L., Yang G.W., Zhu J.P., Chu Y.L., Jin Q., 2003. Comparative genome analysis
of deleted genes in Shigella flexneri 2a strain 301. Chinese
Sci. Bull. 48, 846-852.
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The ShiBASE was created by the
NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institue of Pathogen Biology, CAMS&PUMC.
If you have any suggestions or comments to the database, please
use the following address or e-mail:
 Jian YANG
16 Tianrong Street,
Daxing district
Beijing 102629
P.R.China
Tel: 86-10-67875146
E-Mail:
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Acknowledgements |
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This project was supported by the
State Key Basic Research Program and High Technology Project from
the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
Database last update:
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